Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: functional and neurological recovery, following spinal cord injury
Keywords:
hyperbaric oxygen, spinal cord injuryAbstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is an urgent condition with a high rate of clinical disability. Therefore, it is mandatory for clinical research to find effective therapies to recover from SCI and improve mobility and sensation. The purpose of this study is to review the use of hyperbaric oxygen in the functional and neurological rehabilitation of SCI patients. This is a narrative literature review. The following keywords were searched in the PUBMED literature: “hyperbaric oxygen” AND “spinal cord injury”. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials and animal studies investigating the use of hyperbaric oxygen in spinal cord injury recovery. Non-English language studies, systematic reviews, case reports, in vitro studies and research protocols were excluded from the study. Search results showed 100 posts. After checking titles and abstracts, 28 articles were rejected. Of the 72 publications evaluated, 10 were rejected for various reasons, leaving 62 studies (51 animal studies and 11 human studies) for the present review. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been found to have neuroprotective properties when administered after SCI. Animal studies have shown promising results and revealed various mechanisms contributing to these neuroprotective effects, including reduction of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis, reduction of oxidative stress, reduction of spinal cord edema and improvement of angiogenesis and autophagy. However, the number of clinical studies is rather small, with small sample sizes, showing various results. Regarding the use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment after SCI, the optimal timing, duration, frequency and pressure of hyperbaric oxygen treatment after SCI has not been clarified. Further high quality human studies are needed to fully elucidate the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in SCI management.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Eli I, Lerner DP, Ghogawala Z. Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurol Clin. 2021 May;39(2):471-88.
2. Chay W, Kirshblum S. Predicting Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020 Aug;31(3):331-43.
3. Galeiras Vázquez R, Ferreiro Velasco ME, Mourelo Fariña M, Montoto Marqués A, Salvador de la Barrera S. Update on traumatic acute spinal cord injury. Part 1. Med Intensiva. 2017 May;41(4):237-47.
4. Sekhon LH, Fehlings MG. Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Dec 15;26(24 Suppl):S2-12.
5. Wang Y, Zhang S, Luo M, Li Y. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves local microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 2014 Dec 15;9(24):2182-8.
6. Thom SR. Hyperbaric oxygen: its mechanisms and efficacy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jan;127 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):131S-41S.
7. Emery E, Aldana P, Bunge MB, Puckett W, Srinivasan A, Keane RW, et al. Apoptosis after traumatic human spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1998 Dec;89(6):911-20.
8. Tator CH, Fehlings MG. Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg. 1991 Jul;75(1):15-26.
9. Patel NP, Huang JH. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of spinal cord injury. Med Gas Res. 2017 Apr-Jun;7(2):133-43.
10. Ahmadi F, Zargari M, Nasiry D, Khalatbary AR. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and methylprednisolone following contusive spinal cord injury in rat. J Spinal Cord Med. 2021 Apr 8:1-10.
11. Chen H, Xu G, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang F, Zhang Y. HBO-PC Promotes Locomotor Recovery by Reducing Apoptosis and Inflammation in SCI Rats: The Role of the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Oct;41(7):1537-47.
12. Cristante AF, Damasceno ML, Barros Filho TE, de Oliveira RP, Marcon RM, da Rocha ID. Evaluation of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for spinal cord lesion in correlation with the moment of intervention. Spinal Cord. 2012 Jul;50(7):502-6.
13. Dayan K, Keser A, Konyalioglu S, Erturk M, Aydin F, Sengul G, et al. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on neuroregeneration following acute thoracic spinal cord injury. Life Sci. 2012 Feb 27;90(9-10):360-4.
14. Falavigna A, Figueiró MP, Silva PGD, Conzatti LP, Rizkalla EB, Santos SCD, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy After Acute Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: Improvement of Locomotor Recovery in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Apr 15;43(8):E442-E7.
15. Geng CK, Cao HH, Ying X, Yu HL. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation combining with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rehabilitation of rat spinal cord injury. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015 Jun;8(6):468-73.
16. Geng CK, Cao HH, Ying X, Zhang HT, Yu HL. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen on macrophage polarization after rat spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 2015 May 5;1606:68-76.
17. Higgins AC, Pearlstein RD, Mullen JB, Nashold BS, Jr. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on long-tract neuronal conduction in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1981 Oct;55(4):501-10.
18. Hillard VH, Peng H, Das K, Murali R, Moorthy CR, Etlinger JD, et al. Inhibition of x-irradiation-enhanced locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury by hyperbaric oxygen or the antioxidant nitroxide tempol. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007 Apr;6(4):337-43.
19. Hou YN, Ding WY, Shen Y, Yang DL, Wang LF, Zhang P. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on MMP9/2 expression and motor function in rats with spinal cord injury. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(9):14926-34.
20. Huang G, Diao J, Yi H, Xu L, Xu J, Xu W. Signaling pathways involved in HSP32 induction by hyperbaric oxygen in rat spinal neurons. Redox Biol. 2016 Dec;10:108-18.
21. Huang G, Xu J, Xu L, Wang S, Li R, Liu K, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against oxidative injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation by up-regulating heat shock protein 32 in rat spinal neurons. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85967.
22. Huang H, Xue L, Zhang X, Weng Q, Chen H, Gu J, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy provides neuroprotection following spinal cord injury in a rat model. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6(7):1337-42.
23. Kahraman S, Düz B, Kayali H, Korkmaz A, Oter S, Aydin A, et al. Effects of methylprednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen on oxidative status after experimental spinal cord injury: a comparative study in rats. Neurochem Res. 2007 Sep;32(9):1547-51.
24. Kang N, Hai Y, Yang J, Liang F, Gao CJ. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention reduces secondary spinal cord injury in rats via regulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(2):1141-53.
25. Liang F, Li C, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J, Liu X, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on NACHT domain-leucine-rich-repeat- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome expression in rats following spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jun;11(6):4650-6.
26. Liu F, Yang L, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Zheng Y, et al. Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for spinal cord injury in rats with different treatment course using diffusion tensor imaging. Spinal Cord. 2019 May;57(5):404-11.
27. Liu M, Chen H, Tong M, Zhou J, Wu X. Effects of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Femoral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Bone Metabolism of Rats With Complete Spinal Transection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Aug;43(16):E919-E26.
28. Liu M, Wu X, Tong M, Zhou J. Impacts of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Bone Mass of Rats With Complete Spinal Cord Transection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Jul 15;41(14):E837-E43.
29. Liu X, Li C, Liang F, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang J. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on glucose-regulated protein 78 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3309-17.
30. Liu X, Liang F, Song W, Diao X, Zhu W, Yang J. Effect of Nrf2 signaling pathway on the improvement of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by hyperbaric oxygen treatment after spinal cord injury. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2021 Mar;26(2):433-41.
31. Liu X, Liang F, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang J, Kang N. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Intestinal Barrier Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurol. 2020;11:563281.
32. Liu X, Wang J, Li G, Lv H. Effect of combined chondroitinase ABC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Jul;18(1):25-30.
33. Liu X, Yang J, Li Z, Liang F, Wang Y, Su Q, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Dec;40(24):E1276-83.
34. Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Gao C, Su Q. Effect of VEGF and CX43 on the promotion of neurological recovery by hyperbaric oxygen treatment in spinal cord-injured rats. Spine J. 2014 Jan;14(1):119-27.
35. Long Y, Liang F, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(11):4073-81.
36. Lu PG, Feng H, Yuan SJ, Zhang RW, Li M, Hu R, et al. Effect of preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen on neural cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosurg Sci. 2013 Sep;57(3):253-8.
37. Lu PG, Hu SL, Hu R, Wu N, Chen Z, Meng H, et al. Functional recovery in rat spinal cord injury induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Neurol Res. 2012 Dec;34(10):944-51.
38. Meng XL, Hai Y, Zhang XN, Wang YS, Liu XH, Ma LL, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen improves functional recovery of rats after spinal cord injury via activating stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis and promoting brain-derived neurothrophic factor expression. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Mar 20;132(6):699-706.
39. Murakami N, Horinouchi T, Sakurai M, Ejima Y, Matsukawa S, Kato M, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy given 30 minutes after spinal cord ischemia attenuates selective motor neuron death in rabbits. Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;29(4):814-8.
40. Narayana PA, Kudrle WA, Liu SJ, Charnov JH, Butler BD, Harris JH, Jr. Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperbaric oxygen treated rats with spinal cord injury: preliminary studies. Magn Reson Imaging. 1991;9(3):423-8.
41. Pan JY, Cai RX, Chen Y, Li Y, Lin WW, Wu J, et al. Analysis the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on neuronal apoptosis, Ca2+ concentration and caspases expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jun;22(11):3467-73.
42. Peng CG, Zhang SQ, Wu MF, Lv Y, Wu DK, Yang Q, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with Schwann cell transplantation promotes spinal cord injury recovery. Neural Regen Res. 2015 Sep;10(9):1477-82.
43. Smuder AJ, Turner SM, Schuster CM, Morton AB, Hinkley JM, Fuller DD. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Following Mid-Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Preserves Diaphragm Muscle Function. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 30;21(19).
44. Sun W, Tan J, Li Z, Lu S, Li M, Kong C, et al. Evaluation of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Aging Dis. 2018 Jun;9(3):391-400.
45. Sun Y, Liu D, Su P, Lin F, Tang Q. Changes in autophagy in rats after spinal cord injury and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on autophagy. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Apr 8;618:139-45.
46. Sun Y, Liu D, Wang Q, Su P, Tang Q. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of spinal cord injury in rat model. BMC Neurol. 2017 Jul 3;17(1):128.
47. Tai PA, Chang CK, Niu KC, Lin MT, Chiu WT, Lin CM. Attenuating experimental spinal cord injury by hyperbaric oxygen: stimulating production of vasculoendothelial and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factors and interleukin-10. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Jun;27(6):1121-7.
48. Tan J, Zhang F, Liang F, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang J, et al. Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment against spinal cord injury in rats via toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(5):1911-9.
49. Topuz K, Colak A, Cemil B, Kutlay M, Demircan MN, Simsek H, et al. Combined hyperbaric oxygen and hypothermia treatment on oxidative stress parameters after spinal cord injury: an experimental study. Arch Med Res. 2010 Oct;41(7):506-12.
50. Wang Y, Li C, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J, Liu X, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on RAGE and MCP-1 expression in rats with spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Dec;14(6):5619-25.
51. Yaman O, Yaman B, Aydın F, Var A, Temiz C. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the experimental spinal cord injury model. Spine J. 2014 Sep 1;14(9):2184-94.
52. Yang J, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang G, Gao C, Su Q. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviates experimental (spinal cord) injury by downregulating HMGB1/NF-κB expression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Dec 15;38(26):E1641-8.
53. Yang J, Wang G, Gao C, Shao G, Kang N. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury. Life Sci. 2013 Dec 18;93(25-26):1033-8.
54. Yeo JD, McKenzie B, Hindwood B, Kidman A. Treatment of paraplegic sheep with hyperbaric oxygen. Med J Aust. 1976 Apr 10;1(15):538-40.
55. Yeo JD, Stabback S, McKenzie B. A study of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the experimental spinal cord injury. Med J Aust. 1977 Jul 30;2(5):145-7.
56. Ying X, Tu W, Li S, Wu Q, Chen X, Zhou Y, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces apoptosis and dendritic/synaptic degeneration via the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways in SCI rats. Life Sci. 2019 Jul 15;229:187-99.
57. Yu Y, Matsuyama Y, Yanase M, Ito S, Adachi K, Satake K, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on GDNF expression and apoptosis in spinal cord injury. Neuroreport. 2004 Oct 25;15(15):2369-73.
58. Zhao X, Wang Z. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and N-acetylcysteine against traumatic spinal cord injury in rat. J Chem Neuroanat. 2021 Dec;118:102037.
59. Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Xiao Z, Liu J, Yang L, Liu F, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of the long-term efficacy of HBO2 therapy in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2020 Third-Quarter;47(3):435-43.
60. Zhou Q, Meng X, Huang G, Yi H, Zheng J, Zhang K, et al. MEK1/2 Inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Preventive Effects of Normobaric Oxygen on Spinal Cord Injury in Decompression Sickness Rats. Front Physiol. 2021;12:674430.
61. Zhou Y, Dong Q, Pan Z, Song Y, Su P, Niu Y, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Functional Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Inflammation and Glial Scar Formation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct;98(10):914-20.
62. Zhou Y, Liu XH, Qu SD, Yang J, Wang ZW, Gao CJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in spinal cord injury models in rats. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013 Oct;126(20):3897-903.
63. Zhou Y, Su P, Pan Z, Liu D, Niu Y, Zhu W, et al. Combination Therapy With Hyperbaric Oxygen and Erythropoietin Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Improves Recovery in Rats With Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Ther. 2019 Dec 16;99(12):1679-89.
64. Feng JJ, Li YH. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on depression and anxiety in the patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (a STROBE-compliant article). Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jul;96(29):e7334.
65. Li HX, Cui J, Fan JS, Tong JZ. An observation of the clinical efficacy of combining Riluzole with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen in treating acute spinal cord injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2021 Mar-Apr;37(2):320-4.
66. Sun L, Zhao L, Li P, Liu X, Liang F, Jiang Y, et al. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on HMGB1/NF-κB expression and prognosis of acute spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jan 23;692:47-52.
67. Zhang Z, Li Q, Yang X, Li B, Zhou Y, Hu T, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on postoperative recovery after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2021 Jul 29.
68. Gamache FW, Jr., Myers RA, Ducker TB, Cowley RA. The clinical application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spinal cord injury: a preliminary report. Surg Neurol. 1981 Feb;15(2):85-7.
69. Ishihara H, Kanamori M, Kawaguchi Y, Osada R, Ohmori K, Matsui H. Prediction of neurologic outcome in patients with spinal cord injury by using hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6(5):385-9.
70. Yeo JD, Lowry C, McKenzie B. Preliminary report on ten patients with spinal cord injuries treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Med J Aust. 1978 Dec 2;2(12):572-3.
71. Asamoto S, Sugiyama H, Doi H, Iida M, Nagao T, Matsumoto K. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2000 Sep;38(9):538-40.
72. Lee HC, Niu KC, Chen SH, Chang LP, Lee AJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in clinical application. A report of a 12-year experience. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1989 May;43(5):307-16.
73. Tan JW, Zhang F, Liu HJ, Li Z. Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorated the lesion scope and nerve function in acute spinal cord injury patients: A retrospective study. Clin Biochem. 2018 Mar;53:1-7.
74. De Jesus-Greenberg DA. Acute spinal cord injury and hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a new adjunct in management. J Neurosurg Nurs. 1980 Sep;12(3):155-60.
75. Anggård E. Nitric oxide: mediator, murderer, and medicine. Lancet. 1994 May 14;343(8907):1199-206.
76. Nishitoh H. CHOP is a multifunctional transcription factor in the ER stress response. J Biochem. 2012 Mar;151(3):217-9.
77. Hitomi J, Katayama T, Taniguchi M, Honda A, Imaizumi K, Tohyama M. Apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress depends on activation of caspase-3 via caspase-12. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Mar 4;357(2):127-30.
78. Kwon BK, Tetzlaff W, Grauer JN, Beiner J, Vaccaro AR. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Spine J. 2004 Jul-Aug;4(4):451-64.
79. Christie SD, Comeau B, Myers T, Sadi D, Purdy M, Mendez I. Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25(5):E5.
80. Jang JW, Lee JK, Kim SH. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 after photothrombotic spinal cord injury model in rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Oct;50(4):288-92.
81. Yang H, Wang H, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ. The cytokine activity of HMGB1. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Jul;78(1):1-8.
82. Kwon BK, Stammers AM, Belanger LM, Bernardo A, Chan D, Bishop CM, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of injury severity in acute human spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Apr;27(4):669-82.
83. Storkebaum E, Lambrechts D, Carmeliet P. VEGF: once regarded as a specific angiogenic factor, now implicated in neuroprotection. Bioessays. 2004 Sep;26(9):943-54.
84. Widenfalk J, Lipson A, Jubran M, Hofstetter C, Ebendal T, Cao Y, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor improves functional outcome and decreases secondary degeneration in experimental spinal cord contusion injury. Neuroscience. 2003;120(4):951-60.
85. Agrawal SM, Lau L, Yong VW. MMPs in the central nervous system: where the good guys go bad. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2008 Feb;19(1):42-51.
86. Mizushima N. Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 15;21(22):2861-73.
87. Edinger AL, Thompson CB. Defective autophagy leads to cancer. Cancer Cell. 2003 Dec;4(6):422-4.
2. Chay W, Kirshblum S. Predicting Outcomes After Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020 Aug;31(3):331-43.
3. Galeiras Vázquez R, Ferreiro Velasco ME, Mourelo Fariña M, Montoto Marqués A, Salvador de la Barrera S. Update on traumatic acute spinal cord injury. Part 1. Med Intensiva. 2017 May;41(4):237-47.
4. Sekhon LH, Fehlings MG. Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Dec 15;26(24 Suppl):S2-12.
5. Wang Y, Zhang S, Luo M, Li Y. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves local microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res. 2014 Dec 15;9(24):2182-8.
6. Thom SR. Hyperbaric oxygen: its mechanisms and efficacy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jan;127 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):131S-41S.
7. Emery E, Aldana P, Bunge MB, Puckett W, Srinivasan A, Keane RW, et al. Apoptosis after traumatic human spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1998 Dec;89(6):911-20.
8. Tator CH, Fehlings MG. Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg. 1991 Jul;75(1):15-26.
9. Patel NP, Huang JH. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of spinal cord injury. Med Gas Res. 2017 Apr-Jun;7(2):133-43.
10. Ahmadi F, Zargari M, Nasiry D, Khalatbary AR. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and methylprednisolone following contusive spinal cord injury in rat. J Spinal Cord Med. 2021 Apr 8:1-10.
11. Chen H, Xu G, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang F, Zhang Y. HBO-PC Promotes Locomotor Recovery by Reducing Apoptosis and Inflammation in SCI Rats: The Role of the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2021 Oct;41(7):1537-47.
12. Cristante AF, Damasceno ML, Barros Filho TE, de Oliveira RP, Marcon RM, da Rocha ID. Evaluation of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for spinal cord lesion in correlation with the moment of intervention. Spinal Cord. 2012 Jul;50(7):502-6.
13. Dayan K, Keser A, Konyalioglu S, Erturk M, Aydin F, Sengul G, et al. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on neuroregeneration following acute thoracic spinal cord injury. Life Sci. 2012 Feb 27;90(9-10):360-4.
14. Falavigna A, Figueiró MP, Silva PGD, Conzatti LP, Rizkalla EB, Santos SCD, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy After Acute Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: Improvement of Locomotor Recovery in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Apr 15;43(8):E442-E7.
15. Geng CK, Cao HH, Ying X, Yu HL. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation combining with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rehabilitation of rat spinal cord injury. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015 Jun;8(6):468-73.
16. Geng CK, Cao HH, Ying X, Zhang HT, Yu HL. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen on macrophage polarization after rat spinal cord injury. Brain Res. 2015 May 5;1606:68-76.
17. Higgins AC, Pearlstein RD, Mullen JB, Nashold BS, Jr. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on long-tract neuronal conduction in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1981 Oct;55(4):501-10.
18. Hillard VH, Peng H, Das K, Murali R, Moorthy CR, Etlinger JD, et al. Inhibition of x-irradiation-enhanced locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury by hyperbaric oxygen or the antioxidant nitroxide tempol. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007 Apr;6(4):337-43.
19. Hou YN, Ding WY, Shen Y, Yang DL, Wang LF, Zhang P. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on MMP9/2 expression and motor function in rats with spinal cord injury. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(9):14926-34.
20. Huang G, Diao J, Yi H, Xu L, Xu J, Xu W. Signaling pathways involved in HSP32 induction by hyperbaric oxygen in rat spinal neurons. Redox Biol. 2016 Dec;10:108-18.
21. Huang G, Xu J, Xu L, Wang S, Li R, Liu K, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against oxidative injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation by up-regulating heat shock protein 32 in rat spinal neurons. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85967.
22. Huang H, Xue L, Zhang X, Weng Q, Chen H, Gu J, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy provides neuroprotection following spinal cord injury in a rat model. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2013;6(7):1337-42.
23. Kahraman S, Düz B, Kayali H, Korkmaz A, Oter S, Aydin A, et al. Effects of methylprednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen on oxidative status after experimental spinal cord injury: a comparative study in rats. Neurochem Res. 2007 Sep;32(9):1547-51.
24. Kang N, Hai Y, Yang J, Liang F, Gao CJ. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention reduces secondary spinal cord injury in rats via regulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(2):1141-53.
25. Liang F, Li C, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J, Liu X, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on NACHT domain-leucine-rich-repeat- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome expression in rats following spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jun;11(6):4650-6.
26. Liu F, Yang L, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Zheng Y, et al. Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for spinal cord injury in rats with different treatment course using diffusion tensor imaging. Spinal Cord. 2019 May;57(5):404-11.
27. Liu M, Chen H, Tong M, Zhou J, Wu X. Effects of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Femoral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Bone Metabolism of Rats With Complete Spinal Transection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Aug;43(16):E919-E26.
28. Liu M, Wu X, Tong M, Zhou J. Impacts of Ultra-early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Bone Mass of Rats With Complete Spinal Cord Transection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Jul 15;41(14):E837-E43.
29. Liu X, Li C, Liang F, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang J. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on glucose-regulated protein 78 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3309-17.
30. Liu X, Liang F, Song W, Diao X, Zhu W, Yang J. Effect of Nrf2 signaling pathway on the improvement of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by hyperbaric oxygen treatment after spinal cord injury. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2021 Mar;26(2):433-41.
31. Liu X, Liang F, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang J, Kang N. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Intestinal Barrier Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Neurol. 2020;11:563281.
32. Liu X, Wang J, Li G, Lv H. Effect of combined chondroitinase ABC and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2018 Jul;18(1):25-30.
33. Liu X, Yang J, Li Z, Liang F, Wang Y, Su Q, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Dec;40(24):E1276-83.
34. Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Gao C, Su Q. Effect of VEGF and CX43 on the promotion of neurological recovery by hyperbaric oxygen treatment in spinal cord-injured rats. Spine J. 2014 Jan;14(1):119-27.
35. Long Y, Liang F, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(11):4073-81.
36. Lu PG, Feng H, Yuan SJ, Zhang RW, Li M, Hu R, et al. Effect of preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen on neural cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurosurg Sci. 2013 Sep;57(3):253-8.
37. Lu PG, Hu SL, Hu R, Wu N, Chen Z, Meng H, et al. Functional recovery in rat spinal cord injury induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Neurol Res. 2012 Dec;34(10):944-51.
38. Meng XL, Hai Y, Zhang XN, Wang YS, Liu XH, Ma LL, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen improves functional recovery of rats after spinal cord injury via activating stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis and promoting brain-derived neurothrophic factor expression. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Mar 20;132(6):699-706.
39. Murakami N, Horinouchi T, Sakurai M, Ejima Y, Matsukawa S, Kato M, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy given 30 minutes after spinal cord ischemia attenuates selective motor neuron death in rabbits. Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;29(4):814-8.
40. Narayana PA, Kudrle WA, Liu SJ, Charnov JH, Butler BD, Harris JH, Jr. Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperbaric oxygen treated rats with spinal cord injury: preliminary studies. Magn Reson Imaging. 1991;9(3):423-8.
41. Pan JY, Cai RX, Chen Y, Li Y, Lin WW, Wu J, et al. Analysis the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on neuronal apoptosis, Ca2+ concentration and caspases expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Jun;22(11):3467-73.
42. Peng CG, Zhang SQ, Wu MF, Lv Y, Wu DK, Yang Q, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with Schwann cell transplantation promotes spinal cord injury recovery. Neural Regen Res. 2015 Sep;10(9):1477-82.
43. Smuder AJ, Turner SM, Schuster CM, Morton AB, Hinkley JM, Fuller DD. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Following Mid-Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Preserves Diaphragm Muscle Function. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 30;21(19).
44. Sun W, Tan J, Li Z, Lu S, Li M, Kong C, et al. Evaluation of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Aging Dis. 2018 Jun;9(3):391-400.
45. Sun Y, Liu D, Su P, Lin F, Tang Q. Changes in autophagy in rats after spinal cord injury and the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on autophagy. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Apr 8;618:139-45.
46. Sun Y, Liu D, Wang Q, Su P, Tang Q. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of spinal cord injury in rat model. BMC Neurol. 2017 Jul 3;17(1):128.
47. Tai PA, Chang CK, Niu KC, Lin MT, Chiu WT, Lin CM. Attenuating experimental spinal cord injury by hyperbaric oxygen: stimulating production of vasculoendothelial and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factors and interleukin-10. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Jun;27(6):1121-7.
48. Tan J, Zhang F, Liang F, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang J, et al. Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment against spinal cord injury in rats via toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(5):1911-9.
49. Topuz K, Colak A, Cemil B, Kutlay M, Demircan MN, Simsek H, et al. Combined hyperbaric oxygen and hypothermia treatment on oxidative stress parameters after spinal cord injury: an experimental study. Arch Med Res. 2010 Oct;41(7):506-12.
50. Wang Y, Li C, Gao C, Li Z, Yang J, Liu X, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on RAGE and MCP-1 expression in rats with spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Dec;14(6):5619-25.
51. Yaman O, Yaman B, Aydın F, Var A, Temiz C. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the experimental spinal cord injury model. Spine J. 2014 Sep 1;14(9):2184-94.
52. Yang J, Liu X, Zhou Y, Wang G, Gao C, Su Q. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviates experimental (spinal cord) injury by downregulating HMGB1/NF-κB expression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Dec 15;38(26):E1641-8.
53. Yang J, Wang G, Gao C, Shao G, Kang N. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury. Life Sci. 2013 Dec 18;93(25-26):1033-8.
54. Yeo JD, McKenzie B, Hindwood B, Kidman A. Treatment of paraplegic sheep with hyperbaric oxygen. Med J Aust. 1976 Apr 10;1(15):538-40.
55. Yeo JD, Stabback S, McKenzie B. A study of the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the experimental spinal cord injury. Med J Aust. 1977 Jul 30;2(5):145-7.
56. Ying X, Tu W, Li S, Wu Q, Chen X, Zhou Y, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces apoptosis and dendritic/synaptic degeneration via the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways in SCI rats. Life Sci. 2019 Jul 15;229:187-99.
57. Yu Y, Matsuyama Y, Yanase M, Ito S, Adachi K, Satake K, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on GDNF expression and apoptosis in spinal cord injury. Neuroreport. 2004 Oct 25;15(15):2369-73.
58. Zhao X, Wang Z. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and N-acetylcysteine against traumatic spinal cord injury in rat. J Chem Neuroanat. 2021 Dec;118:102037.
59. Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Xiao Z, Liu J, Yang L, Liu F, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of the long-term efficacy of HBO2 therapy in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2020 Third-Quarter;47(3):435-43.
60. Zhou Q, Meng X, Huang G, Yi H, Zheng J, Zhang K, et al. MEK1/2 Inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Preventive Effects of Normobaric Oxygen on Spinal Cord Injury in Decompression Sickness Rats. Front Physiol. 2021;12:674430.
61. Zhou Y, Dong Q, Pan Z, Song Y, Su P, Niu Y, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Functional Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Inflammation and Glial Scar Formation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct;98(10):914-20.
62. Zhou Y, Liu XH, Qu SD, Yang J, Wang ZW, Gao CJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in spinal cord injury models in rats. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013 Oct;126(20):3897-903.
63. Zhou Y, Su P, Pan Z, Liu D, Niu Y, Zhu W, et al. Combination Therapy With Hyperbaric Oxygen and Erythropoietin Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Improves Recovery in Rats With Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Ther. 2019 Dec 16;99(12):1679-89.
64. Feng JJ, Li YH. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on depression and anxiety in the patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (a STROBE-compliant article). Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jul;96(29):e7334.
65. Li HX, Cui J, Fan JS, Tong JZ. An observation of the clinical efficacy of combining Riluzole with mannitol and hyperbaric oxygen in treating acute spinal cord injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2021 Mar-Apr;37(2):320-4.
66. Sun L, Zhao L, Li P, Liu X, Liang F, Jiang Y, et al. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on HMGB1/NF-κB expression and prognosis of acute spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial. Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jan 23;692:47-52.
67. Zhang Z, Li Q, Yang X, Li B, Zhou Y, Hu T, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on postoperative recovery after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2021 Jul 29.
68. Gamache FW, Jr., Myers RA, Ducker TB, Cowley RA. The clinical application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spinal cord injury: a preliminary report. Surg Neurol. 1981 Feb;15(2):85-7.
69. Ishihara H, Kanamori M, Kawaguchi Y, Osada R, Ohmori K, Matsui H. Prediction of neurologic outcome in patients with spinal cord injury by using hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6(5):385-9.
70. Yeo JD, Lowry C, McKenzie B. Preliminary report on ten patients with spinal cord injuries treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Med J Aust. 1978 Dec 2;2(12):572-3.
71. Asamoto S, Sugiyama H, Doi H, Iida M, Nagao T, Matsumoto K. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2000 Sep;38(9):538-40.
72. Lee HC, Niu KC, Chen SH, Chang LP, Lee AJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in clinical application. A report of a 12-year experience. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 1989 May;43(5):307-16.
73. Tan JW, Zhang F, Liu HJ, Li Z. Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorated the lesion scope and nerve function in acute spinal cord injury patients: A retrospective study. Clin Biochem. 2018 Mar;53:1-7.
74. De Jesus-Greenberg DA. Acute spinal cord injury and hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a new adjunct in management. J Neurosurg Nurs. 1980 Sep;12(3):155-60.
75. Anggård E. Nitric oxide: mediator, murderer, and medicine. Lancet. 1994 May 14;343(8907):1199-206.
76. Nishitoh H. CHOP is a multifunctional transcription factor in the ER stress response. J Biochem. 2012 Mar;151(3):217-9.
77. Hitomi J, Katayama T, Taniguchi M, Honda A, Imaizumi K, Tohyama M. Apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress depends on activation of caspase-3 via caspase-12. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Mar 4;357(2):127-30.
78. Kwon BK, Tetzlaff W, Grauer JN, Beiner J, Vaccaro AR. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Spine J. 2004 Jul-Aug;4(4):451-64.
79. Christie SD, Comeau B, Myers T, Sadi D, Purdy M, Mendez I. Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25(5):E5.
80. Jang JW, Lee JK, Kim SH. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 after photothrombotic spinal cord injury model in rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Oct;50(4):288-92.
81. Yang H, Wang H, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ. The cytokine activity of HMGB1. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Jul;78(1):1-8.
82. Kwon BK, Stammers AM, Belanger LM, Bernardo A, Chan D, Bishop CM, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of injury severity in acute human spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010 Apr;27(4):669-82.
83. Storkebaum E, Lambrechts D, Carmeliet P. VEGF: once regarded as a specific angiogenic factor, now implicated in neuroprotection. Bioessays. 2004 Sep;26(9):943-54.
84. Widenfalk J, Lipson A, Jubran M, Hofstetter C, Ebendal T, Cao Y, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor improves functional outcome and decreases secondary degeneration in experimental spinal cord contusion injury. Neuroscience. 2003;120(4):951-60.
85. Agrawal SM, Lau L, Yong VW. MMPs in the central nervous system: where the good guys go bad. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2008 Feb;19(1):42-51.
86. Mizushima N. Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev. 2007 Nov 15;21(22):2861-73.
87. Edinger AL, Thompson CB. Defective autophagy leads to cancer. Cancer Cell. 2003 Dec;4(6):422-4.
Downloads
Published
2022-12-19
Issue
Section
Young Scientists Pages
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Hellenica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
