Spasticity and pain: the effect on quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury
Keywords:
spinal cord injury, pain, spasticity, quality of life, life satisfactionAbstract
The following article is a literature review on how spasticity and pain affect the quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord injury affects a patient’s life in many ways, particularly following initial trauma, to confront numerous secondary health conditions. Spasticity and pain represent major SCI complications. Another significant factor for persons with spinal cord injury is the quality of their life and how it is affected by spasticity and pain. Patients with SCI demonstrate lower quality of life than the general population but there also seems to exist a negative correlation among pain, spasticity and quality of life. Patients that experience pain or/and spasticity have lower quality of life as it is indicated by some studies. In addition, there is a possibility that spasticity and pain correlate in a bilateral way via common neural mechanisms. However, quality of life is affected by many factors and it is difficult to conduct specific results without further research.
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References
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5. D.Burke, O. Lennon, B. M. Fullen. Quality of life after spinal cord injury: the impact of pain. Eur J Pain 2018 Oct; doi: 10.1002/ejp.1248. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
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8. William Barry McKay, William Mark Sweatman, Edelle C. et al. The experience of spasticity after spinal cord injury: perceived characteristics and impact on daily life. Spinal Cord (2018) 56:478–486 ; doi: 10.1038/s41393-017-0038-y Epub 2018 January 16
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14. Elizabeth J. Richardson, Larry G. Brooks, J. Scott Richards et al. Changes in pain and quality of life in depressed individuals with spinal cord injury: does type of pain matter? The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 2016; doi: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1151145 Epub 2016
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17. Marieke M. Wollaars, Marcel W. M. Post, Floris W. A. van Asbeck et al. Spinal cord injury pain: the influence of psychologic factors and impact on quality of life. Clin J Pain 2007 23:383–391; doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31804463e5. Epub 2007 June
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19. Marzieh Hassanijirdehi, Mohammad Khak, Sohrab Afshari-Mirak et al. Evaluation of pain and its effect on quality of life and functioning in men with spinal cord injury. Korean J Pain 2015 28: 129-136; doi: 10.3344/kjp.2015.28.2.129 Epub 2015 May1
20. Rachel Müller, Gunther Landmann, Markus Becher et al. Chronic pain, depression and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: mediating role of participation. J Rehabil Med 2017 49: 489–496; doi: 10.2340/16501977-2241 Epub 2017 June 8
21. Marissa L. Dombovy-Johnson, Christine L. Hunt, Melissa M. Morrow et al. Current Evidence lacking to guide clinical practice for spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: a review of the literature and a proposal for future study. Pain Practice 2020 20(3):325-335; doi: 10.1111/papr.12855 Epub 2020 Feb 10
22. Jacqueline A. Tibbett, Edelle C. Field-Fote, Christine K. Thomas et al. Spasticity and pain after spinal cord injury: impact on daily life and the influence of psychological factors. PM&R 2020; doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12218 Epub 2019 July 12
23. Jacinthe J. E. Adriaansen, Laura E. M. Ruijs, Casper F. van Koppenhagen et al. Secondary health conditions and quality of life in persons living with spinal cord injury for at least ten years. J Rehabil Med 2016: 48: 853–860; doi: 10.2340/16501977-2166 Epub 2016 Nov 11
24. Norma A. Erosa, Jack W. Berry, Timothy R. Elliott et al. Predicting quality of life 5 years after medical discharge for traumatic spinal cord injury. The British Psychological Society 2013; doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12063 Epub 2013 August 9
25. Christel M.c. van Leeuwen, Marcel W.M. Post, Floris W.A. van Asbeck et al. Life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury during the first five years after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Disability & Rehabilitation, 2012 34(1): 76–83; doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.587089 Epub 2011 Aug 26
2. Vanessa K. Noonan, Jacek A. Kopec, Hongbin Zhang et al. Impact of associated conditions resulting from spinal cord injury on health status and quality of life in people with traumatic central cord syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil Vol 89; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.10.041 Epub 2008 June
3. Sophie Jörgensen, Susanne Iwarsson, Jan Lexell. Secondary health conditions, activity limitations, and life satisfaction in older adults with long-term spinal cord injury. PM&R Journal; doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.09.004 Epub 2016 September 30.
4. John David Putzke, J. Scott Richards, Bret L. Hicken et al. Interference due to pain following spinal cord injury: important predictors and impact on quality of life. Pain 100(2002); doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00069-6 Epub 2002 December
5. D.Burke, O. Lennon, B. M. Fullen. Quality of life after spinal cord injury: the impact of pain. Eur J Pain 2018 Oct; doi: 10.1002/ejp.1248. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
6. SR Andersen, F. Biering-Sorensen, EM Hagen et al. Pain, Spasticity and quality of life in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury in Denmark. Spinal Cord (2016) 54, 973–979; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.46; Epub 2016 April 12
7. Carla Rognoni, Gabriella Fizzotti, Caterina Pistarini et al. Quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury in Italy: preliminary evaluation. IOS Press Vol 205 (2014); doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-432-9-935 Epub 2014
8. William Barry McKay, William Mark Sweatman, Edelle C. et al. The experience of spasticity after spinal cord injury: perceived characteristics and impact on daily life. Spinal Cord (2018) 56:478–486 ; doi: 10.1038/s41393-017-0038-y Epub 2018 January 16
9. A.D. Pandyan, M. Gregoric, M.P. Barnes et al. Spasticity: clinical perceptions, neurological realities and meaningful measurement. Disability Rehabilitation 2005; doi: 10.1080/09638280400014576 Epub 2005
10. K. Milinis, C.A. Young & on behalf of the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions (TONiC) study. Systematic review of the influence of spasticity on quality of life in adults with chronic neurological conditions. Disability and rehabilitation; doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1106592 Epub 2015 December 29
11. Sandy Ayoub, Jared G. Smith, Isabel Cary et al. The positive and the negative impacts of spasticity in patients with long-term neurological conditions: an observational study. Disability and rehabilitation; doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1742803 Epub 2020 March 30
12. Dana Westerkam, Lee L. Saunders, James S. Krause. Association of spasticity and life satisfaction after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord; doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.49. Epub 2011 September
13. Katie Gibbs, Andrew Beaufort, Adam Stein et al. Assessment of pain symptoms and quality of life using the International Spinal Cord Injury Data Sets in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Series and Cases (2019) 5:32; doi: 10.1038/s41394-019-0178-8 Epub 2019 April 15
14. Elizabeth J. Richardson, Larry G. Brooks, J. Scott Richards et al. Changes in pain and quality of life in depressed individuals with spinal cord injury: does type of pain matter? The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 2016; doi: 10.1080/10790268.2016.1151145 Epub 2016
15. N. Nagoshi, S. Kaneko, K. Fujiyoshi et al. Characteristics of neuropathic pain and its relationship with quality of life in 72 patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord (2016) 54, 656–661; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.210 Epub 2015 December 1
16. E. Ataoglu, T. Tiftik, M. Kara et al. Effects of chronic pain on quality of life and depression in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord (2013) 51, 23–26; doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.51 Epub 2012 May 1
17. Marieke M. Wollaars, Marcel W. M. Post, Floris W. A. van Asbeck et al. Spinal cord injury pain: the influence of psychologic factors and impact on quality of life. Clin J Pain 2007 23:383–391; doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31804463e5. Epub 2007 June
18. Eva Widerström-Noga, Kimberly D. Anderson, Salomé Perez et al. Living with chronic pain after spinal cord injury: a mixed-methods study. Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation 2016; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.10.018 Epub 2016 November 25
19. Marzieh Hassanijirdehi, Mohammad Khak, Sohrab Afshari-Mirak et al. Evaluation of pain and its effect on quality of life and functioning in men with spinal cord injury. Korean J Pain 2015 28: 129-136; doi: 10.3344/kjp.2015.28.2.129 Epub 2015 May1
20. Rachel Müller, Gunther Landmann, Markus Becher et al. Chronic pain, depression and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: mediating role of participation. J Rehabil Med 2017 49: 489–496; doi: 10.2340/16501977-2241 Epub 2017 June 8
21. Marissa L. Dombovy-Johnson, Christine L. Hunt, Melissa M. Morrow et al. Current Evidence lacking to guide clinical practice for spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: a review of the literature and a proposal for future study. Pain Practice 2020 20(3):325-335; doi: 10.1111/papr.12855 Epub 2020 Feb 10
22. Jacqueline A. Tibbett, Edelle C. Field-Fote, Christine K. Thomas et al. Spasticity and pain after spinal cord injury: impact on daily life and the influence of psychological factors. PM&R 2020; doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12218 Epub 2019 July 12
23. Jacinthe J. E. Adriaansen, Laura E. M. Ruijs, Casper F. van Koppenhagen et al. Secondary health conditions and quality of life in persons living with spinal cord injury for at least ten years. J Rehabil Med 2016: 48: 853–860; doi: 10.2340/16501977-2166 Epub 2016 Nov 11
24. Norma A. Erosa, Jack W. Berry, Timothy R. Elliott et al. Predicting quality of life 5 years after medical discharge for traumatic spinal cord injury. The British Psychological Society 2013; doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12063 Epub 2013 August 9
25. Christel M.c. van Leeuwen, Marcel W.M. Post, Floris W.A. van Asbeck et al. Life satisfaction in people with spinal cord injury during the first five years after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Disability & Rehabilitation, 2012 34(1): 76–83; doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.587089 Epub 2011 Aug 26
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2022-12-19
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